214. Surveying I 


214 SURVEYING I

1.	SCALES: Ordinary; diagonal and Venier I

2. DISTANCE AND AREA MEASUREMENT: 
	chains, Tapes, Optical square, Offset rod 
	chaining, churming on sloping ground and through
	offsets and their limiting lengh. Instruments ~ areas.

3.	MEASUREMENT OF DIRECTION AND ANGLES 
	and prismatic compass; True ~
	Bearing of Lines; True end magn~ic m~an; t~I ati~i~n.

	Theodolite- Temporary adjustment; 
	measurement cf vertical and horizontal angles, 
	Use of sextant for angle measurement.

4.  MEASUREMENT  OF  SLOPES,  ELEVATION  AND HEIGHTS: 
	Use of Clinometer, Abney ~rel a-      
	I-rough levelling. Levelling inst ~ ~ ~nd types temporary adjustments, 
	Levelling staff, methods of levelling reciprocal levelling.

5. PLANE TABLE SURVEYING: 
	Instruments use in PI~e Tabling, 
	Traversing by plane table and ~l'i~thod~ '~1 l~~:
	tabling, Two point and three point l:irolil~Yi.

6. TheTheodolites and the Theodolite Traversing: 
	Types of Theodolite; Temprary and permanent adjustments, 
	sources errors  and  their  eliminations,  Theodolite  Traversing;
	Calculation of Latitude and departure; Balancing of Triive~,~

7. Contouring: 
	Contour Line: Contour interval; 
	l'lo~z*ntat equivalent; Characteristics of contours; 
	Methods of ~ritoiinng; representation of relief; 
	Drawing of Cross section on contour map.  -4	Lects.

8. CURVES: 
	Types of curves; Elements; Setting out of simple curves; 
	composite curve; Vertical curves.          -8 Lects.

9.  TACHEOMETRIC  SURVEY:  
	Instruments  used  in tacheometry. 
	Ta6heometry, Determination of Tacheometry Constant; 
	Tangential method; 
	use of stadia measurement for traversing and contouring.	-4 Lects.

SESSIONAL:
(a)	Longitudinal section together with topographic detail 
	using chain compass a?~ levelhng instruments.
(b) Traversing and detailing by plane table.
(c)	Layout of building by theodolite and tape.
(d)	setting out of simple curves.

RECOMMENDED:
1.	Surveying and levelling by T.P. Kanetkarand S.V. Kulkarni; Vol. I and Vol. II.
2.	Surveying and levelling by B.S. Punmia;  Vol. I and Vol. II.
3.	Surveying  by Dr. K.R. Arrora; Vol. I & II.